Supplementary Material

Harnessing FFT for Rapid Community Travel Distance and Step Estimation in Children with DMD

Authors: Erik K. Henricson and Albara Ah Ramli

Affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UC Davis

Abstract: This study introduces a fast and accurate FFT-based approach using waist-worn accelerometers to estimate gait metrics (step count, frequency, length, velocity, and distance) in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and typically developing peers. Results are validated against ground-truth data and machine learning benchmarks, with implications for scalable clinical mobility monitoring.

Bland-Altman Plots

Step Count LoA
Figure S1. Bland-Altman plot of percentage difference vs. average for step count estimates using FFT and ground-truth data.
Step Frequency LoA
Figure S2. Bland-Altman plot of percentage difference vs. average for step frequency estimates using FFT and ground-truth data.
Step Length LoA
Figure S3. Bland-Altman plot of percentage difference vs. average for step length estimates using FFT and ground-truth data.
Distance LoA
Figure S4. Bland-Altman plot of percentage difference vs. average for distance estimates using FFT and ground-truth data.
Step Velocity LoA
Figure S5. Bland-Altman plot of percentage difference vs. average for step velocity estimates using FFT and ground-truth data.